Teaching Lingua Latina
Part III:
Reading
Recap
Over the course of the previous two posts, I feel that I have laid out a kind of theoretical framework by which one may understand how to teach this Lingua Latina text. I want to emphasize that much of this is really theoretical, meaning that I myself have not perfectly been able to execute the system that I am laying out, but it neverthless stands for me as a kind of an ideal to work towards.
The more I write about it, the more I am convinced that the book itself ought to be more of a guide for the teacher to follow and less of an aid for the students. Having spent so much time teaching middle school classes with this book, I find it difficult to conceive of a scenario wherein young students are actively willing to engage with the intricacies of the story and the text that Orberg has meticulously planned out for his audience. If you are going to use this book as a didactic tool, meaning a tool that does the actual teaching, the amount of time required to attain the information it wants you to know before moving on is too great compared to the little bit of story that you attain in each chapter. By the time the information has been adequately assimilated, the book’s one major strength, which is an interesting story, will have evanesced with the passage of time in a single chapter of the book.
I have, in the previous articles, warned teachers of this issue, and offered a potential solution, namely to spend as much time as possible speaking, listening, and acquiring the necessary vocabulary and grammar for comprehension before ever approaching the book at all, so as to assure a somewhat speedy transit through the book’s contents. It is just far too easy for middle school students to get bogged down in it, and you will end up making no progress towards either of the two potential goals that I mentioned in the very first post.
The process of writing these posts has ultimately brought me to this conclusion now in the third post: Lingua Latina, if you are going to use it with a middle/high-school class, should be a review tool, and not your first resource when approaching new material. That injunction likely becomes less stringent as the students get older and more self-motivated, but I think that it is a good general rule of thumb.
So, I have laid out the fundamentals of teaching Lingua Latina, which are essentially the basics of speaking Latin in the classroom. The challenge for a “natural method” teacher is finding enough interesting and didactically rich material to talk about until you get to the point where you are ready to approach reading material. As I said, that point of getting to reading Lingua Latina might be a long way off from a student’s first introduction to the language. This third and final post is going to quickly outline how to approach reading Lingua Latina once you have moved your students to the point where they could read it.
Reading and Exercises
The way I see it, you have two options when approaching reading the book. You can wait a couple years before approaching the book at all and then speed through the first few chapters; or you can spend a week or two talking and preparing the students to read one chapter at a time over the course of a few years. The allure of the first method is that students get the opportunity to experience the arc of the narrative a little quicker and are thereby more easily enticed by it. Either way, you are going to hit a point where time will need to be spent prefacing the material with a lot of repeated grammar and vocabulary.
Let’s just start chapter one and say that you have spent the last week or two preparing students by speaking directly to them in Latin and have done a good job of not allowing them to speak in their native language in the classroom. They are, by now, familiar with a few basic expressions and easily understand simple “est/sunt” sentences with basic map vocabulary. How do we read the Lingua Latina text? If the text is not particularly interesting, and you are fairly certain that your students have a good grasp of the grammar and vocabulary, the key is to go quickly, lest you lose student interest. Chapter one is not very interesting beyond the initially tantalizing prospect of reading a foreign language and understanding it.
Reading the chapter can and should be done in different ways to battle monotony. Maybe for part I of the chapter, you have the students read silently in their heads. For part II, you have them read out loud with a partner, and part III you read together as a class, stopping to call on students to ask them questions. This might not all be done in a single day, but over the course of a few days, with more exercise and practice in between. You could have the students read part I, a process that should only take them a few minutes, and then you drill them with a few spoken questions about the text, and then have them do a written exercise that demonstrates they understood the core content of the chapter. The Exercitia companion book offers a plethora of writing exercises that can be good, provided that the students already understand what is going on, more or less.
I have personally run into many problems trying to implement the Exercitia because I did not spend sufficient time getting the students to understand the content of the chapter itself. I relied on the exercises to be the instructor, and I was always disappointed in the results. The students should probably only struggle to answer one or two of the questions. That would be an ideal ratio of review to challenge, I think, because it keeps students encouraged and feeling like they are making progress, but it also helps them aware of the fact that there is still more to learn. If students constantly feel like they are not understanding something, they very quickly give up, especially if they don’t think they have adequate support. Those Lingua Latina exercises can be brutally difficult if you don’t know what you are doing, because they come with such little support beyond the text itself.
You will run into the same problem with the pensa at the end of the chapter if you have not adequately prepared the students. Pensum C is always fun, and I like to occasionally challenge students to write as interesting of an answer as they can for each one. It is good to keep answers clean and simple sometimes, but I also like to encourage students to write more than the bare minimum to answer a question. They could incorporate some of the phrases and proverbs that they have learned into their answers or some other thing that they didn’t learn from the text itself, but from their time in class with you. Review the answers to these quickly and highlight student answers that you think deserve recognition e.g.
“Euge! gratulor Iohanni quod responsum perpulchrum scripsit. Quintus, inquit, tristior solito est. meministisne illam locutionem quam pridie vobis monstravi: “tristior solito”? Iohannes, discipulus Chryssipo acutior, est alter Cicero. plaudite! si in posterum quispiam responsum aeque gratum scripserit, eius gregi dabo tria puncta. . .” you get the point.
You should follow the same pattern for the subsequent chapters, with the added difference that some chapters might require a significantly larger preparatory period. Chapter eight is a good example of a chapter that springs forward significantly in difficulty, introducing all of the different relative and demonstrative pronouns. It is a confusing chapter on your first go around and may require a solid month of diligent preparation before students are ready to take it on in reading.
I hope that my exegesis has sufficiently clear and that I haven’t left anything too vague. I found that writing on this topic was much more challenging than I had initially thought, and that my opinions changed as I worked through it. Much of this is, admittedly, theoretical, as I have not ever had an all out success teaching via the natural method and often resorted to more traditional grammar translation methods either due to a lack of energy or creativity. Nevertheless, I think I have offered helpful guidelines that will at least get you thinking more carefully about using this book and spoken Latin in your classroom. These are my own opinions that I have formed over the years as a teacher of Latin. If you have anything to add or questions, feel free to send them below
– Rogerius
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